Learn all about emotional and behavioral responses to stress in just a few minutes! Brooke Miller, Ph.D., instructor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin, details how stress triggers both positive and negative behaviors.

This video is part of a complete, condensed Introduction to Psychology series presented in short digestible summaries.

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Course Hero’s Introduction to Psychology series explores the most relevant theories and concepts across the field, including:
• The science of psychology
• The biological foundations of behavior

For centuries, humans have been trying to figure out what makes us, well, us! Psychologists have studied the human brain, human emotions, and the human condition to better understand our interactions with ourselves and others.

The series also dives into:
• The components of thinking, learning, and remembering
• A look at social and developmental psychology to see how humans change as they age
• A discussion of how stress, common psychological disorders, and treatments affect people today

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Table of Contents:

02:03 – Stress and Health
02:06 – How does Stress Impact Health?
03:04 – Stress and Health Behaviors
05:13 – Stress and Physiological Changes
05:51 – Stress and Cardiovascular System
07:45 – Stress and the Endocrine System
10:04 –
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All right, as a quick recap. Both PTSD and acute stress disorder can occur in individuals who have either directly experienced or witnessed one or prolonged traumatic events, or heard about a traumatic event that involved a close family member or friend.

Symptoms include recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive memories associated with nightmares or flashbacks; as well as intense psychological distress or physical reactions; hypervigilance or hyperarousal; avoidance behavior; and negative alterations in thinking or mood.

What sets PTSD apart from acute stress disorder is that in PTSD, the symptoms must last for more than one month, while in acute stress disorder, they should last at least three days but less than 1 month following the traumatic event.

In adjustment disorders there are emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop within 3 months of a stressful or life-changing event and resolve within 6 months.

Treatment of trauma and stress-related disorders typically includes cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle changes.

If these treatment options fail, individuals can be treated with medications, such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and less commonly prazosin.

Okay, back to our case. Amelia is a 31 year old female that has been experiencing sleep disturbances due to vivid nightmares.

A very important clue here is that her symptoms began four months ago, after witnessing an armed bank robbery.

In addition, since then, Amelia has been displaying avoidance behavior related to crowded places that remind her of the traumatic event.

This, along with her hyperarousal symptoms, such as jumping at sudden or loud noises like a phone ringing, make this a pretty straightforward case of post- traumatic stress disorder.
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