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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:00 Causes of Joint pain
2:21 Symptoms of Joint pain
2:59 Diagnosis of Joint pain
3:45 Treatment of Joint pain

Joint pain refers to any discomfort, aches, and soreness in any of the body’s joint.
• Joints are part of the body that form connections between bones.
• They provide support and allow the bones of the skeleton to move.
• They are found in skull, shoulder, hips, elbow, knees, fingers, toes, neck, and wrist
• Pain within the joint is the common cause of shoulder pain, knee pain, ad ankle pain.
• Joint pain may last for a few weeks or last for several weeks or months.
• Joint pain may be mild, causing soreness only after certain activities or it can be severe, making movement extremely painful.
• Joint pain can affect the quality of life.
• Joint pain increases with age.
CAUSES
Any damage from injury or disease affecting any part of the joint including cartilage, ligaments, bursae or tendons can interfere with movement and cause a lot of pain. The common causes are:
• Bone cancer
• Broken bone
• Sprains and strains
• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Bone infection
• Cold and flu
• Rheumatic fever
• Bursitis
• Dislocations
• Fractures
• Lupus
• Leukemia
• Rickets
• Tendinitis
• Sarcoidosis
• Arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, viral arthritis, drug-induced arthritis, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
• Lyme disease
• Gout
• Paget’s disease of the bone
• avascular necrosis
• complex regional pain syndrome
• osteomyelitis
•

SYMPTOMS
• Joint swelling and stiffness
• Joint redness
• Joint warmth
• Joint tenderness
• Loss of range of motion of the joint
• Weakness or instability
Consult your doctor if joint pain is persistent or is accompanied by:
• Fever or persistent fever with no cause
• Swollen glands in the neck, groin or underarms
• Rash
• Unintended weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• Limping

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
To make a diagnosis, the doctor will ask questions about your symptoms and carry out physical examinations. Questions may include when the pain started, what activities you were doing before your joint pain began, activities that aggravates or relieve the degree of the pain, if the pain is stabbing, or dull and constant, where the pain is, how long it lasted for or if it continued for a while and other important questions about your pain.
Further testing such as blood tests and X-rays or other imaging studies may be helpful in cases where the cause is not determined by questions and physical examination.
TREATMENT
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and preserve joint functions
The treatment is directed toward the underlying cause of the pain, this will be treated first and foremost.
While treating the underlying cause, pain management may still play a role. Pain management may include OTC pain medications, prescription pain medication, stretching exercises or other treatment which may help with symptoms
If the pain is as a result of an injury, rest, cold applications, and anti-inflammatory may be suggested.
Joint pain from arthritis and other conditions may be relieved with a substance found in chili peppers called Capsaicin. Capsaicin blocks substance P, which helps transmit pain signals, and it triggers the release of endorphins. Endorphins are chemicals in the body that blocks pain.
When an infection is a cause, antibiotics may help
For immune system dysfunction, immunosuppressant may help
A severely damaged joint may be treated with joint replacement therapy
Physical therapy can help strengthen muscles around the joint, stabilize the joints as well as increase the range of motion.

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This video talks about the Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment of H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infection. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) are bacteria that can cause an infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It’s the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori can also inflame and irritate the stomach lining (gastritis).

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H Pylori is one of the most common infections in the world and can cause ulcers or even stomach cancer if untreated.

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:32 Complications of Helicobacter Pylori
1:10 Symptoms of Helicobacter pylori
2:16 Causes of Helicobacter pylori
2:32 Risk factors of Helicobacter pylori
2:50 Treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral (helical) bacterium usually found in the stomach.[5] Its helical shape (from which the genus name, helicobacter, derives) is thought to have evolved in order to penetrate the mucoid lining of the stomach and thereby establish infection.[7][8] The bacterium was first identified in 1982 by Australian doctors Barry Marshall and Robin Warren.[9][10][11] H. pylori has been associated with lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach, esophagus, colon, rectum, or tissues around the eye (termed extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the cited organ),[12][13] and of lymphoid tissue in the stomach (termed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma).[14]

H. pylori infection usually has no symptoms but sometimes causes gastritis (stomach inflammation) or ulcers of the stomach or first part of the small intestine. The infection is also associated with the development of certain cancers occurring in less than 20% of cases.[15] Many investigators have suggested that H. pylori causes or prevents a wide range of other diseases, but many of these relationships remain controversial.[16][17][18][19]

Some studies suggest that H. pylori plays an important role in the natural stomach ecology, e.g. by influencing the type of bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract.[15][18] Other studies suggest that non-pathogenic strains of H. pylori may beneficially normalize stomach acid secretion,[20] and regulate appetite.[20]

In 2015, it was estimated that over 50% of the world’s population had H. pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tracts[6] with this infection (or colonization) being more common in developing countries.[4] In recent decades, however, the prevalence of H. pylori colonization of the gastrointestinal tract has declined in many countries.[21] Up to 90% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications.[22] However, individuals infected with H. pylori have a 10% to 20% lifetime risk of developing peptic ulcers.[23][24] Acute infection may appear as an acute gastritis with abdominal pain (stomach ache) or nausea.[3] Where this develops into chronic gastritis, the symptoms, if present, are often those of non-ulcer dyspepsia: Stomach pains, nausea, bloating, belching, and sometimes vomiting.[25][26] Pain typically occurs when the stomach is empty, between meals, and in the early morning hours, but it can also occur at other times. Less common ulcer symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Bleeding in the stomach can also occur as evidenced by the passage of black stools; prolonged bleeding may cause anemia leading to weakness and fatigue. If bleeding is heavy, hematemesis, hematochezia, or melena may occur. Inflammation of the pyloric antrum, which connects the stomach to the duodenum, is more likely to lead to duodenal ulcers, while inflammation of the corpus (i.e. body of the stomach) is more likely to lead to gastric ulcers.[27][28] Individuals infected with H. pylori may also develop colorectal[29][30] or gastric[31] polyps, i.e. non-cancerous growths of tissue projecting from the mucous membranes of these organs. Usually, these polyps are asymptomatic but gastric polyps may be the cause of dyspepsia, heartburn, bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, and, rarely, gastric outlet obstruction[31] while colorectal polyps may be the cause of rectal bleeding, anemia, constipation, diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain.[32]

Individuals with chronic H. pylori infection have an increased risk of acquiring a cancer that is directly related to this infection.[12][13][23][24] These cancers are stomach adenocarcinoma, less commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach,[14] or extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the stomach,[33][34] or, more rarely, of the colon,[13][34] rectum,[35] esophagus,[36] or ocular adenexa (i.e. orbit, conjunctiva, and/or eyelids).[37][38] The signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, and diagnoses of these cancers are given in the cited linkages.

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What Causes Leg Pain During Menstruation

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Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes painful conditions associated with the knee, the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests and special maneuvers, and treatment options.
Common knee problems:
Patellar chondromalacia
•chronic pain due to softening of the cartilage beneath the kneecap.
•Chronic knee pain from mild to complete erosion of the cartilage in the back of the kneecap.
•Pain in the front of the knee.
•Occurs more in young people.
•Becomes worse from climbing up and down the stairs.
•Treatment: usually therapy, NSAIDS.
Patellar bursitis
•Pain and inflammation located in the front of the kneecap.
•The bursa becomes inflamed and fills with fluid at the top of the knee.
•Causes pain, swelling, tenderness and a lump in the area on top of the kneecap.
Ligament injury
Lateral collateral ligament rupture: usually occurs as a result of sports activities.
Medial collateral ligament rupture: injury to the ligament on the inner part of the knee. The most commonly injured knee ligament.
Anterior cruciate ligament tear:
•involves a valgus stress to the knee.
•Usually the patient will have swelling and hematoma.
•Lachman’s test is positive.
•MRI is diagnostic.
Patellar tendonitis
•Inflammation and pain located inferior to the knee cap area.
Meniscal Tear
•Meniscus is a cushion that protects the cartilage of the knee.
•Injury will cause pain on the medial or lateral side of the knee.
•Outer 30% of meniscus has blood supply.
•mcMurrays test is positive.
•History of locking, swelling and instability of the knee.
•MRI is helpful.
Arthritis of the knee joint
•Characterized by progressive wearing away of the cartilage of the joint.
•The knee is a common part of the body that is most affected by arthritis.
•Decreased joint space.
Baker’s cyst
•Swelling in the back of the knee filled with synovial fluid.
•Cyst between the semimembranous and medial gastrocnemius muscles.
Gout
•Type of arthritis or joint inflammation caused by an excessive level of uric acid in the blood.
•Can affect any joint especially the big toe.
•Crystals look like needles and have a negative birefringence.

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Arthritis is the condition in which the articular cartilage is damaged, worn out or torn, which causes the pain in the joints. There are two types of Arthritis named as Osteoarthritis, which is degenerative and Rheumatoid Arthritis, in which the patients get the joint tumours.

Dr. Vijay Sharma, Consultant Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgeon at Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Jaipur shared the information about the Joint pain and Arthritis, Its causes, symptoms, and the available treatment options for the patients.

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A detailed, audio visual look at the current understanding of migraine pathophysiology using state-of-the-art graphics and the most current information available. Includes an explanation of new theories in the impact of sex hormones, why migraine mimics sinusitis and the evolution of migraine into a chronic disease.

If you support improved access to the best and safest treatments, let your voice be heard. Sign your name to a petition urging healthcare payors to provide better access to migraine treatments. Help us reach 50,000 signatures by December 31, 2020. Sign at https://www.change.org/MigrainePetition

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*The contents of this podcast/video are intended for general informational purposes only and do not constitute medical or legal advice; the content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The Association of Migraine Disorders does not recommend or endorse any specific course of treatment, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned. Reliance on any information provided by this content is solely at your own risk.

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We can experience joint stiffness at any age for a number of reasons. Arthritis is a common culprit. For more info, head to www.LoudounSportsTherapy.com
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Pain in the big toe is a common occurrence and something that Dr. Michael Helms, podiatrist in Central Indiana, sees quite regularly. Learn what causes big toe pain, and what you can do to treat it.
Visit Us Online: http://www.indypodiatry.com
Call Our Office: (317) 573-4250
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As we age, we develop wear and tear of all of our joints, including in our feet and toes. Also known as Hallux Rigidus, arthritis of the great toe joint can cause you pain. Over time the cartilage in your big toe joint can get worn down, which can cause narrowing of the joint and can also cause bone spurs to form.

Podiatrist (foot and ankle surgeon) Dr. Jennifer Boeri discusses how arthritis progresses, how it causes pain, how arthritis is diagnosed and what treatments are available at different stages.

Learn more about Dr. Boeri at https://orthopedics.holy-cross.com/jennifer-boeri-dpm.

For more information about servicess offered at Holy Cross Orthopedic Institute, visit http://www.HolyCrossOrthopedics.com.
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